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    Não sei se já repararam mas acabaram os votos negativos, assim deste modo resolve-se parte do problema, ainda existem outros mas irão ser resolvidos para que se volte a ter um tópico com um ar mais re

    Como pedido pelo @D@vid actualização da minha carteira 4Fundos. A carteira 4 fundos foi feita no final de 2016 por via de programação em R: As performances desde a sua criaçã

    Este fim de semana estive a rebalancear o meu portfolio, partilho convosco. Livrei-me dos bad performers e quero apostar neste Q4 e Q1'22 que se antevê vigoroso. Em Fevereiro fiz uma aposta em US

    Posted Images

    há 6 horas, 5coroas disse:

    Hoje, mais um esbardalhamento do Ishares Global Clean Energy...

    image.png.f9b7e38955e2ae6ec0aab56e858ca1d6.png

    Por mim, pode afundar até à fossa das Marianas. O maior erro que cometi, por bias profissional, foi acreditar que as melhores coisas e tecnicamente mais adequadas seriam aquelas que teriam mais valorização no curto-médio prazo, esqueci-me em como os políticos podiam lixar um determinado setor e também em como lógica e mercados acionistas são 2 coisas que podem ter uma correlação negativa. 

    A lógica atual é analisar a migração dos fluxos de capitais e ver aonde há mais liquidez, qual combustível, para fazer movimentar os mercados.

     

    Editado por Bedrock
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    há 4 minutos, Bedrock disse:

    Por mim, pode afundar até às fossas das Marianas. O maior erro que cometi, por bias profissional, foi confundir que as melhores coisas e tecnicamente mais adequadas seriam aquelas que teriam mais valorização no curto-médio prazo, esqueci-me em como os políticos podiam lixar um determinado setor e também em como lógica e mercados acionistas são 2 coisas que podem ter uma correlação negativa. 

    A lógica atual é analisar a migração dos fluxos de capitais e ver aonde há mais liquidez, qual combustível, para fazer movimentar os mercados.

     

    Eu comprei uns pozinhos de BEPC depois destas quedas todas.

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    há 43 minutos, pge disse:

    Alguém tem este fundo, é dificil arranjar coisa mais diversificada e depois tem quase 18% a 10 anos, até acho que deve haver erro:

    https://www.morningstar.pt/pt/funds/snapshot/snapshot.aspx?id=F0000001NV

     

    Penso que ainda há alguns fundos US growth com essas taxas de rentabilidade. Procura no Best pela secção Ações EUA Cap. Grande Crescimento e vê a matrix  em rentabilidade que compara com outros fundos semelhantes da oferta

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    há 6 minutos, Virtua disse:

    Penso que ainda há alguns fundos US growth com essas taxas de rentabilidade. Procura no Best pela secção Ações EUA Cap. Grande Crescimento e vê a matrix  em rentabilidade que compara com outros fundos semelhantes da oferta

    Growth eu sei que há, com esta matriz de value e blend, big Mid small e a com quase todos os sectores inclusive indústria é que nunca tinha visto nada parecido. 

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    Aqui estão alguns dos motivos em como este ano o investimento na Grande China pode ser mais interessante que na China:

    Hong Kong stock trading volumes jump to four times those of LSE

    Inflows of $50bn from mainland China help turnover on Asian city’s bourse to surge.

    Stock trading volumes in Hong Kong have soared to four times those on London’s main exchange, as large technology stocks attracted soaring appetite from foreign investors for the “Nasdaq of Asia”. Trading volumes in Hong Kong also reached almost 60 per cent of the New York Stock Exchange as investors, mostly from China, poured about $50bn into shares listed in the Asia finance hub this year. Average daily turnover on the stock exchange in the 30 days to February 16 jumped to about $25bn, according to Financial Times calculations based on Bloomberg data, compared with about $10bn in the same period a year ago. That is more than quadruple the average daily turnover on the London Stock Exchange during the same period. Earlier this month, London lost its crown as Europe’s biggest share trading centre to Amsterdam. The NYSE’s average daily turnover was $44bn. Hong Kong this month hosted the bumper $5.4bn listing of Chinese viral video app and TikTok competitor Kuaishou, the world’s biggest tech initial public offering since Uber in 2019.

    Line chart of Average stock exchange daily turnover ($bn) showing Hong Kong share trading rises to four times LSE levels

    “The exchange is fast becoming seen as the Nasdaq of Asia thanks to continual tech listings that are attracting new capital to Hong Kong,” said Angus Richardson, co-head of pan-Asian execution services at Citigroup. Including other trading venues, London’s total average daily trading volumes in February were about $9.5bn, according to data from Cboe Europe. Brokers in Hong Kong said the city’s trading boom this year had been largely driven by an influx of mainland Chinese investors. Many have focused on scooping up stocks listed in Hong Kong, which are valued at a significant discount to those trading in the mainland. The boost of liquidity from mainland traders could also provide more depth to Hong Kong’s market, a major draw in its battle with bourses in New York to capture a greater share of lucrative Chinese tech IPOs.

    The surge in trading volumes in the city has also come despite political upheaval following Beijing’s introduction of a sweeping national security law last year. “Hong Kong has had a difficult 18 months but the surge in trading shows that investors think this may be settling down and Hong Kong will be on a path to growth,” Richardson said. Hong Kong’s benchmark Hang Seng index is up almost 13 per cent this year, partly because of optimism surrounding China’s economic recovery from the coronavirus pandemic, compared with less than 5 per cent for Wall Street’s S&P 500 and London’s FTSE 100. “All the new volume that we’ve seen on the upswing is predominantly southbound investors,” said Andy Maynard, a trader at investment bank China Renaissance in Hong Kong, referring to mainland Chinese buyers. Chinese investors are able to buy and sell Hong Kong shares through Stock Connect programmes with Shanghai and Shenzhen. Through these link-ups, mainland Chinese investors have purchased a net $49.1bn of Hong Kong-listed equities in the year to date, FT calculations show, compared with about $8bn a year ago.

    Line chart of Hang Seng Stock Connect China A-H Premium index showing Chinese onshore  stocks are valued at a premium to those in Hong Kong

    Maynard said mainland Chinese investors’ share of daily turnover in Hong Kong had doubled in recent weeks to about 30 per cent. Brokers and bankers said a flurry of high-profile secondary listings by Chinese tech groups had also injected more liquidity into Hong Kong’s market. The listings have coincided with moves to evict Chinese companies from US exchanges unless they comply with American accounting rules. “Normally, you would tell clients not to do a secondary listing because [the liquidity] would all flow back to the primary exchange,” said one banker at a large Wall Street investment bank. “But now there are enough Asian investors that don’t want to trade — or can’t trade — in the US, and so are more comfortable in these markets.”

    https://www.ft.com/content/c324674c-c91e-427e-82c5-87a7e9a53bab

    Editado por Bedrock
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    Bye Bye Brokers, Hello Blockchain Technology

    Bye Bye Brokers

    The Game Stop (GME) shenanigans are another reminder of the systematic risks lurking in the financial markets. Equally important, the incident highlights how certain players prevent markets from running more efficiently. The inherent dangers and market inefficiencies are not only borne by market participants but by every citizen.

    This article discusses a technological advancement, allowing financial markets to operate more efficiently. In particular, we discuss the tokenizing of assets and show how blockchain technology can make our markets and, therefore, the economy more efficient.

    We thank Charlie McGarraugh and commend his ability to explain a complex topic in plain English. For more on tokenizing assets, we highly recommend listening to his recent appearance on Smarter Markets.

    A Dirty Piston in Capitalism’s Engine

    The United States went from a sleepy backwater colonial outpost to an economic superpower on the back of capitalism. America and western civilization show that capitalism raises living standards for all. Capitalism is not perfect, but the more a country adheres to its core tenets, rule of law, private property, competition, free markets, and freedom, the greater its benefits to all citizens.

    When any of capitalism’s tenets are encumbered, it impairs the natural dynamism that fosters prosperity. Today’s brand of capitalism, dare we say corporatism, leaves much to be desired. Multi-decade trends of weakening economic growth, massive leverage, declining productivity growth, and widening financial inequality serve as evidence.

    Blockchain, Bye Bye Brokers, Hello Blockchain Technology

    Blockchain, Bye Bye Brokers, Hello Blockchain Technology

    Financial markets are constrained, manipulated, and made more costly to transact in due to intermediaries. These players limit the benefits of capitalism to the detriment of a majority of citizens. Free markets are not as free as they can be.

    The recession of 2007-2009 reminds us these problems do not just result in higher transaction costs and reduced capital flows. They also carry immense layered and hidden systematic risks that burden the entire population. Consider the fact that very few people knew what a sub-prime mortgage or CDO-squared was before the great financial crisis. Even the PhDs at the Fed underestimated those risks.

    To tune up capitalism’s engine and provide more to the many, we must find a more efficient way to operate financial markets.

    Bye Bye Brokers

    What if instead of routing trades through the choke point of a few banks and brokers, we could trade directly with any investor?

    In the past, such an idea was not feasible. Banks and brokers historically provided valuable intermediary services. They not only found and matched buyers and sellers to make markets more liquid but they also became buyers and sellers in times of illiquidity. Equally important, they took on any risks associated with the settlement and custodian of assets.

    Despite their fees, markups, risks, and other costs, markets ran more efficiently with intermediaries.

    Blockchain technology, however, presents a better alternative for tomorrow.

    Tokenizing Markets

    Tokenizing assets is the act of digitally representing securities, commodities, collateral, future deliveries, and almost everything else on to the blockchain database. Transaction details on these assets reside in a public database for all to see.

    Tokenized assets do not require intermediaries to trade or settle securities. Banks and brokers can still play a central role in introducing buyers and sellers and making markets when needed. But the system is not beholden to them.

    For example, if I want to buy 100 shares of tokenized Ford stock, and you want to sell it, we agree on a price. We then use our unique electronic keys to instantaneously settle our security and cash exchange.

    In the example, there is no bid/offer spread or broker fees although we might incur a small fee if an exchange introduced us.  The settlement does not take two days or carry the risk a broker fails. Bids and offers are shown worldwide without being limited to one broker, exchange, or time zone.

    Tokenization is not just about better pricing, risk reduction, and trading efficiencies. When intermediaries playing less of a role, systematic risk lessens.

    In a tokenized world, the Lehman default might have been avoided with real-time collateral management and pricing. Scams like Madoff are impossible to perpetrate as regulators can more easily see if there are actual “assets.”

    Risks to Tokenization

    As appealing as this technology is, one should consider its drawbacks. First, how would an investor access their portfolio and execute trading in the event of a power failure, or if they lost their key? Second, hacking is now ubiquitous in the on-line and electronic world. Despite safeguards, we cannot rule it out. Third, who provides regulatory oversight for such a system?

    The expansion of the electronic payments infrastructure build-out over the past 20 years addresses some of these issues. We believe the market and technological innovation will overcome the risks in time.

    However, there is another impediment to tokenization

    The Road Block

    Standing in the way of progress are the well-connected banks and brokers with a lot to lose.

    Note the highlighted words from Charlie’s quote below.

    It’s different because we can build a system based on assets rather than a system built on institutions.” – Charlie McGarraugh

    The current trading environment is entirely dependent on institutions such as JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs, Citadel, and others. These institutions take on risk, provide liquidity, and profit handsomely as intermediaries.

    They have enormous corporate profits and generous wages to protect. There is no doubt these firms will use their strong lobbies and overwhelming support from the Fed and U.S. Treasury to slow down efforts to tokenize assets.

    15 Billion Reasons to Stop Technology

    To help you appreciate why intermediaries will try to block the economic benefits of tokenization, consider Ken Griffin. His equity trading firm, Citadel, handled about a quarter of all trading volume in U.S. equity markets last year.

    Per Bloomberg: “The trading operation, which is separate from Griffin’s hedge fund business, generated $3.84 billion of revenue in just six months, more than the $3.26 billion for all of 2019, according to a presentation to investors. Net income was $2.36 billion in the first six months of 2020, compared with $982 million for the same period a year earlier.”

    The enormous profits from Citadel’s equity trading operations are almost entirely risk-free!

    Forbes estimates Mr. Griffin’s net worth to be around $15 billion. What do you think the odds are that Ken Griffin and his competitors walk away from such easy money?

    Tokenizing Game Stop

    During the GME fiasco, Robin Hood (RH) reportedly required emergency funding to cover collateral requirements. Without funding, RH may have failed at costs to its clients. Additionally, RH and other large brokerages restricted trading, causing angst and losses for many retail GME investors.

    RH’s largest source of revenue comes from Citadel. Citadel pays RH to execute its client’s trades. While Citadel was “acting on behalf of RH’s clients”, they also had exposure to GME through Melvin Capital, a hedge fund in which they hold a principal interest. In fact, they provided $2 billion in funding to Melvin to keep it afloat.

    Citadel is conflicted. Based on public evidence, they favored their bottom line over RH clients.

    With the GME/RH situation in mind, let’s consider the GME episode in a tokenized realm. Short interest in GME exceeded 100%, meaning more shares were held by investors than existed. Under the current system, a broker can lend its clients’ shares without the client knowing. When such occurs, two investors own the shares, and one investor is short the shares. The transactions net out but they introduce risk if the broker fails.

    With tokenized shares, the risks and rewards of lending securities are only taken by those willing and wanting to accept the risk. They are also paid for taking the risk. Further, trade settlements happen immediately, eliminating counterparty risk.  Lastly, retail investors do not have to depend on a conflicted intermediary or insolvent broker.

    Had the problem escalated, there is little doubt the Federal Reserve would have bailed out Citadel and RH, at the public’s expense.

    Summary

    Monetary incentives explain why capitalism is effective. It certainly has flaws, but history attests that no other system has improved the standard of living for the masses to the extent capitalism has.

    The more freely and uninhibited money can flow throughout an economic system, the more the economy benefits all of its people. Intermediaries, by definition, present an impediment to the flow of money.  The purposes they serve comes at a cost to society. Before blockchain, one could argue the benefits outweighed the costs. Today that is not true.

    As market participants and citizens, we can only hope the self-interests of a few do not impede on the benefits to all of us. 

    https://realinvestmentadvice.com/bye-bye-brokers-hello-blockchain-technology/

     

    Editado por Bedrock
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    Uma rede tradicional de distribuição de energia elétrica pode ter perdas de eletricidade, até aos consumidores finais, da ordem dos 40%, pelo que para além do necessário aumento da eficiência energética nas edificações e nos processos industriais, têm que também ser diminuídas substancialmente as perdas de energia elétrica nas redes de distribuição, facto este que é muitas vezes esquecido, falando-se mais sobre a eficiência energética e menos das perdas, sendo que quanto mais otimizarmos estas 2 variáveis, menos produção de energia elétrica será necessária para os mesmos consumidores.

    Os problemas económico-financeiros e ambientais na distribuição de eletricidade são similares aos de uma rede de distribuição de água potável, pois esta também pode ter bastantes perdas de água e ineficiências na sua utilização, e quanto menor for o consumo de água, menor serão as águas residuais (esgotos) a drenar e tratar.

    In traditional electric power grids, about 40 percent of electricity is lost in the process of delivering electricity to end customers. In order to reduce such losses, governments worldwide are pondering the introduction of smart grids. The new networks will support the increased generation of renewable electricity and facilitate the connection of electric vehicles to the grid. Unlike traditional power systems, smart grids are multidirectional networks, allowing the feed-in of power produced by residential and other small-scale renewable energy producers near electric utilities or in remote regions. Smart grids also enable the monitoring and measuring of electricity. The leading companies in the area of electric metering include IBM, Cisco, Honeywell, General Electric, Trilliant Networks and Itron. 

     

    Editado por Bedrock
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    Electric Cars Boost Metal Demand

    Electric vehicles are quickly gaining traction in automotive markets around the world, with many countries expected to have the cleaner battery fueled cars outpace their traditional fossil fuel counterparts in sales in the very near future. New car companies, like Tesla in the U.S. and NIO in China, along with traditional car companies, like GM and Ford in the U.S. and Toyota and Daimler in Japan and Germany, are embracing an electric future – a future driven primarily by a rapid advancement in battery technology. Data on the raw materials used to create these batteries shows a predicted monumental increase in demand for base and precious metals in the coming decade.

    According to Bloomberg, metals like nickel, aluminum and iron are all expected to see demand increase by 13-14 times between 2019 and 2030. This increase in demand can be directly traced to the outlook for electric vehicles over the next ten years, with vehicle battery output expected to rise by tens of millions. Other metals important to the creation of electric car batteries, such as lithium and graphite, are also expected to rise substantially in demand by around 9-10 times by 2030.

    This demand in metals is pushing a rush from top mining and investment companies across the globe to invest in the acquisition of key materials primarily used in building electric car batteries. Many are betting on the continued decline of fossil fuels like coal and oil, and are transitioning to investments in metals found in batteries, solar panel technology and other cleaner fuel sources. Market outlooks for solar energy and electric car batteries all seemingly point to an enormous boom in demand and an opportunity to make even more money than in previous fossil fuel endeavors. While disasters related to climate change is a factor for companies and investments firms moving away from fossil fuels, the money that stands to be made in these quickly emerging clean energy industries is perhaps an even greater motivation.

    Infographic: Electric Cars Boost Metal Demand | Statista

    https://www.statista.com/chart/23842/metal-demand-increase/

     

    Editado por Bedrock
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    Fossil Fuel Investments Persist

    2020 was a transformative year in many respects, and the increase in plans for clean energy by governments and corporations is one of the few with a positive spin. Most around the world are recognizing the dire threat of climate change, and investments in clean energy reflect this growing trend. But data over the year shows the majority of world power investments are still going to fossil fuels like oil and natural gas, with cleaner energies taking a backseat.

    In data collected by the Energy Policy Tracker, as of Feb. 3, 46 percent of all energy investments established through policies by G20 countries since the pandemic began in 2020 are aimed at bolstering existing fossil fuels. That adds up to over $276 billion allocated over the course of the year. However, renewable energy investments have been picking up the pace in the last few months with a total of $215 billion allocated to clean energy at 35 percent. Other energies on the year made up 18 percent of policies with $104 billion.

    The rhetoric of policymakers and business leaders this past year has pushed the idea of a clean energy future farther than it's ever been. Policy positions and actions, however, continue to show how money allocations are still going to fossil fuel investments and new dirty energy projects. The $215 billion aimed at clean energy is certainly a step in the right direction, but many scientists and climate advocates are urging policymakers to move away from fossil fuels at a much faster pace. This data hints at the fact that large energy corporations are still the bottleneck for change into a cleaner energy future, and their resistance is indicative of a lack of urgency which threatens to put people’s lives at risk in the coming years.

    Infographic: Fossil Fuel Investments Persist | Statista

    https://www.statista.com/chart/23769/clean-energy-investments/

     

    Editado por Bedrock
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    Richest Green Tycoons on Earth

    Green and renewable energy companies are booming across the world. Electric car and renewable power companies are skyrocketing in valuation, a fact that’s becoming even more evident in the net worth of their top founders and executives. A new ranking from Bloomberg shows how one famous American tycoon tops the list of wealthiest executives in green energy while the majority hail from China.

    In Bloomberg’s new ranking, Tesla founder and CEO Elon Musk is far and ahead the richest green energy executive on the planet with a net worth of over $180 billion tied to renewable energy. It’s no surprise Musk tops the list, with his electric car company ballooning in value over the course of 2020. The following four green tycoons, however, are all leaders of Chinese companies. Top executives of CATL, an energy storage company based in China, have amassed a green net worth of over $60 billion, while executives at Chinese solar power company Longi have a total green net worth of over $16 billion.

    China has quickly become the global leader in driving new renewable energy companies and projects, despite continuing to be one of the largest investors in traditional fuels like coal and oil. Many countries around the world, however, are also rapidly scaling green industries as prices fall and urgency rises in the battle against climate change, and the forecasted revenue of the global industry as a whole continues to trend upward in the coming decade.

    Infographic: Richest Green Tycoons on Earth | Statista

    https://www.statista.com/chart/24080/wealthiest-executives-renewable-energy/

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    há 10 horas, Bedrock disse:

    Uma rede tradicional de distribuição de energia elétrica pode ter perdas de eletricidade, até aos consumidores finais, da ordem dos 40%

    Uma das maneiras de reduzir as perdas de energia elétrica por efeito de Joule (P=RI^2) é subir a tensão da rede de alta tensão, mas a população quando houve isto manifesta-se contra e de maneira errada. A subida da tensão para o dobro implica uma diminuição da corrente para metade para a mesma potência e reduz a perda  em mais de 70%. A redução da corrente implica uma redução do campo magnético e a emissão de radiação eletromagnética. Esta radiação eletromagnética pode assustar as pessoas em relação a doenças cancerígenas, mas com a subida da tensão da rede existe menor perigo. 

    Com a subida da tensão existe uma maior capacidade de ocorrer disrupção no ar e criação de pequenas faíscas. Mas em condições de tempo seco, o ar tem a capacidade de isolar 3000/cm, como a EDP utiliza na sua rede uma tensão entre 60 e 130 kV, para um isolamento de segurança bastava 1 m. Como as linhas de alta tensão se encontra a uma dezena de metros do solo, todas as garantias de segurança existem para uma subida da tensão da rede para o dobro.

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    há 2 horas, rui_marreiros disse:

    Uma das maneiras de reduzir as perdas de energia elétrica por efeito de Joule (P=RI^2) é subir a tensão da rede de alta tensão, mas a população quando houve isto manifesta-se contra e de maneira errada. A subida da tensão para o dobro implica uma diminuição da corrente para metade para a mesma potência e reduz a perda  em mais de 70%. A redução da corrente implica uma redução do campo magnético e a emissão de radiação eletromagnética. Esta radiação eletromagnética pode assustar as pessoas em relação a doenças cancerígenas, mas com a subida da tensão da rede existe menor perigo. 

    Com a subida da tensão existe uma maior capacidade de ocorrer disrupção no ar e criação de pequenas faíscas. Mas em condições de tempo seco, o ar tem a capacidade de isolar 3000/cm, como a EDP utiliza na sua rede uma tensão entre 60 e 130 kV, para um isolamento de segurança bastava 1 m. Como as linhas de alta tensão se encontra a uma dezena de metros do solo, todas as garantias de segurança existem para uma subida da tensão da rede para o dobro.

    É isso o que dizes. A circulação dos eletrões ao longo de uma cabo elétrico é muito similar ao escoamento de água numa conduta pressurizada. Nesta, quando a pressão é demais em relação ao diâmetro útil da tubagem e à sua capacidade de transporte/escoamento, a conduta rebenta; nos cabos elétricos, quando a seção do fio condutor é insuficiente para os eletrões a transportar, o cabo começa a aquecer, pela lei de Joule, e pode derreter totalmente o revestimento plástico do fio condutor e provocar um incêndio.

    Eu já assisti a uma cena em que uma retroescavadora, inadvertidamente, tracionou bastante um cabo elétrico de alimentação de uma central elevatória, ao tracionar o cabo provocou o seu alongamento e, consequentemente, diminui o diâmetro/secção do cabo elétrico, tendo, pela lei de Joule, derretido por completo a proteção plástica envolvente e provocado um shut down na central elevatória.

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    há 34 minutos, Vidolz disse:

    Isto hoja não está famoso, só tenho a pepsi positiva :D 

    Se te pões a ver os mercados todos dias ( se não fores trabalhador da área financeira ) então a probabilidade de veres os mercados negativos...ah esqueci que és um especulador 😁

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    há 6 minutos, D@vid disse:

    Se te pões a ver os mercados todos dias ( se não fores trabalhador da área financeira ) então a probabilidade de veres os mercados negativos...ah esqueci que és um especulador 😁

    Estou aborrecido em remote work fechado em casa, a bolsa é o meu entretenimento diário :D 

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    há 1 hora, Vidolz disse:

    Isto hoja não está famoso, só tenho a pepsi positiva :D 

    Esteve porreiro, pá. Até já deu para me estrear nos mundo dos ETFs. 🎇

    há 8 minutos, D@vid disse:


    A bolsa só serve para teres um efeito de felicidade momentâneo ( quando sobe ) ou de depressão quando desce 😁

     

    É parecido com o sexo para alguns: climax seguido de depressão pós-coito.

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    • -------- changed the title to Fundos de Investimento ( Mutual Funds - SICAV )

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